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U.S. Patents Awarded to Inventors in North Carolina (Nov. 21)
[November 21, 2012]

U.S. Patents Awarded to Inventors in North Carolina (Nov. 21)


(Targeted News Service Via Acquire Media NewsEdge) Targeted News Service Targeted News Service ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- The following federal patents were awarded to inventors in North Carolina.

*** International Business Machines Assigned Patent ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- International Business Machines, Armonk, N.Y., has been assigned a patent (8,316,035) developed by five co-inventors for "systems and arrangements of text type-ahead." The co-inventors are Yen-Fu Chen, Austin, Texas, Fabian F. Morgan, Austin, Texas, Brian M. O'Connell, Cary, N.C., Keith R. Walker, Austin, Texas, and Sarah V. White Eagle, Austin, Texas.



The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "Methods and arrangements of text entry are discussed. Embodiments include transformations, code, state machines or other logic to select segments of text from text files based upon the number of words in phrases of the text files, upon the number of letters in words of the text files, or upon other patterns of the text in the text files. The text files may include web sites and news indexes. Embodiments may also involve indexing the selected segments of text, matching text currently being entered by the user (current text) into an application to a portion of a segment of the indexed text, and entering a remaining portion of the segment of the indexed text into the application based upon the matching. In some embodiments, the matching may be based upon an attribute of text such as a time period, a source, or a recipient." The patent application was filed on Jan. 16, 2008 (12/015,361). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=83,16,035.PN.&OS=PN/83,16,035&RS=PN/83,16,035 Written by Amal Ahmed; edited by Jaya Anand.

*** Lemi Technology Assigned Patent ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- Lemi Technology, Wilmington, Del., has been assigned a patent (8,316,015) developed by Hugh Svendsen, Chapel Hill, N.C., and Scott Curtis, Durham, N.C., for a tunersphere.


The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "Systems and methods for providing representative information for a geographic area of interest are disclosed. In one embodiment, a media service tracks media interaction histories (e.g., play histories) for a number of users registered with the media service, where each media interaction history identifies media items interacted with by the corresponding user as well as the locations at which at least a subset of the media items were interacted with by the corresponding user. The media service receives a request from a requesting user for representative information for a geographic area of interest. In response to receiving the request, the media service determines representative information for the geographic area of interest based on at least a subset of the media interaction histories of the users and effects presentation of the representative information to the requesting user." The patent application was filed on Sept. 9, 2011 (13/228,688). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=83,16,015.PN.&OS=PN/83,16,015&RS=PN/83,16,015 Written by Amal Ahmed; edited by Jaya Anand.

*** International Business Machines Assigned Patent for Creating an Ontology Using an Online Encyclopedia and Tag Cloud ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- International Business Machines, Armonk, N.Y., has been assigned a patent (8,316,006) developed by six co-inventors for a "creating an ontology using an online encyclopedia and tag cloud." The co-inventors are Clyde Lee Cain Jr., Raleigh, N.C., Feng-Wei Chen, Cary, N.C., Yoo Y. Lee, Durham, N.C., Margaret J. Mago, Durham, N.C., Nikhil Parekh, Raleigh, N.C., and William D. Reed, Wake Forest, N.C.

The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "A method for generating an ontology may include selecting, by a processing device, a tag in a tag cloud. The method may also include searching, by the processing device, an online encyclopedia for content corresponding to the selected tag and determining, by the processing device, at least one category to which the content belongs in the online encyclopedia in response to finding the content corresponding to the selected tag in the online encyclopedia. The method may additionally include adding, by the processing device, a class to the ontology corresponding to the at least one category of the content in the online encyclopedia." The patent application was filed on June 30, 2010 (12/827,060). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=83,16,006.PN.&OS=PN/83,16,006&RS=PN/83,16,006 Written by Amal Ahmed; edited by Jaya Anand.

*** Intersil Americas Assigned Patent ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- Intersil Americas, Milpitas, Calif., has been assigned a patent (RE43,808) developed by Robert L. Lyle Jr., Raleigh, N.C., Steven P. Laur, Raleigh, N.C., and Zaki Moussaoui, Palm Bay, Fla., for a "phase shift modulation-based control of amplitude of AC voltage output produced by double-ended DC-AC converter circuitry for powering high voltage load such as cold cathode fluorescent lamp." The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "A double-ended, DC-AC converter supplies AC power to a load, such as a cold cathode fluorescent lamp used to back-light a liquid crystal display. First and second converter stages generate respective first and second sinusoidal voltages having the same frequency and amplitude, but having a controlled phase difference therebetween. By employing a voltage controlled delay circuit to control the phase difference between the first and second sinusoidal voltages, the converter is able to vary the amplitude of the composite voltage differential produced across the opposite ends of the load. The converter may be either voltage fed or current fed." The patent application was filed on Aug. 26, 2009 (12/547,882). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=RE43,808&OS=RE43,808&RS=RE43,808 Written by Satyaban Rath; edited by Hemanta Panigrahi.

*** Bank of America Assigned Patent ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- Bank of America, Charlotte, N.C., has been assigned a patent (8,316,453) developed by four co-inventors for a dynamic community generator. The co-inventors are Phillip L. Richards, Charlotte, N.C., David M. Andersen, Charlotte, N.C., Chadwick R. Renfro, Dallas, and Christopher P. Higgins, Charlotte, N.C.

The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "Embodiments of the invention are directed to systems, methods, and computer program products configured to determine communities within an organization dynamically based on the distribution of entitlements within the organization." The patent application was filed on July 24, 2009 (12/509,241). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=8,316,453&OS=8,316,453&RS=8,316,453 Written by Satyaban Rath; edited by Hemanta Panigrahi.

*** International Business Machines Assigned Patent for Enhanced Personal Firewall for Dynamic Computing Environments ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- International Business Machines, Armonk, N.Y., has been assigned a patent (8,316,427) developed by four co-inventors for an "enhanced personal firewall for dynamic computing environments." The co-inventors are Ravi Prakash Bansal, Tampa, Fla., Rick Allen Hamilton II, Charlottesville, Va., Brian O'Connell, Cary, N.C., and Keith Raymond Walker, Austin, Texas.

The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "An enhanced personal firewall system having an inter-firewall connection listener which binds to a specified communications port and listens for inbound and/or outbound connection requests; and an inter-firewall controller which establishes a trusted communications through a local firewall and a remote firewall by exchanging public keys, a signed trusted computer firewall request, and using the keys to determine if a local key storage indicates previous authorization to trusted communications. If not, then a user of the targeted resource is notified and prompted to authorize the access. If so, then the firewall rules protecting the targeted resource are modified, even if temporarily, to allow the requesting firewall to have trusted access." The patent application was filed on March 9, 2007 (11/684,067). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=8,316,427&OS=8,316,427&RS=8,316,427 Written by Satyaban Rath; edited by Hemanta Panigrahi.

*** Roche Assigned Patent ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- Roche Diagnostics Operations, Indianapolis, and Roche Operations, Hamilton, Bermuda, have been assigned a patent (RE43,815) developed by William F. Crismore, Raleigh, N.C., Nigel A. Surridge, Indianapolis, and Daniel R. McMinn, Danville, Calif., for an "electrochemical biosensor test strip." The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "An electrochemical biosensor test strip with four new features. The test strip includes an indentation for tactile feel as to the location of the strips sample application port. The sample application port leads to a capillary test chamber, which includes a test reagent. The wet reagent includes from about 0.2% by weight to about 2% by weight polyethylene oxide from about 100 kilodaltons to about 900 kilodaltons mean molecular weight, which makes the dried reagent more hydrophilic and sturdier to strip processing steps, such as mechanical punching, and to mechanical manipulation by the test strip user. The roof of the capillary test chamber includes a transparent or translucent window which operates as a "fill to here" line, thereby identifying when enough test sample (a liquid sample, such as blood) has been added to the test chamber to accurately perform a test. The test strip may further include a notch located at the sample application port. The notch reduces a phenomenon called "dose hesitation"." The patent application was filed on Nov. 21, 2011 (13/301,334). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=RE43,815&OS=RE43,815&RS=RE43,815 Written by Satyaban Rath; edited by Hemanta Panigrahi.

*** International Business Machines Assigned Patent for Method, Framework, and Program Product for Formatting and Serving Web Content ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- International Business Machines, Armonk, N.Y., has been assigned a patent (8,316,348) developed by six co-inventors for a "method, framework, and program product for formatting and serving web content." The co-inventors are Zhiqiang Liu, Kennesaw, Ga., Jennifer Lai, Garrison, N.Y., Brian J. McDonald, Minneapolis, Laurie Miller, Lyons, Colo., Karen A. Ughetta, Raleigh, N.C., and Yael Ravin, Mount Kisco, N.Y.

The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "The present invention provides an approach and corresponding framework that separates data from its formatting/view by generating the dynamic JavaScript (data) as a set (e.g., at least one) of JavaScript (data) objects, without any HTML formatting. Then, a set of JavaScript functions can be created that takes the set of JavaScript objects as a parameter, and outputs all or a subset of this data object in a format determined by this JavaScript function. In general, these formatting functions can be static, rather than dynamic, JavaScript. This approach has the advantage of providing a much greater degree of formatting flexibility, without the need for each new format to establish a connection with the back-end system providing the data." The patent application was filed on Aug. 8, 2007 (11/835,768). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=8,316,348&OS=8,316,348&RS=8,316,348 Written by Satyaban Rath; edited by Hemanta Panigrahi.

*** International Business Machines Assigned Patent for Graphics for End to End Component Mapping and Problem-solving in a Network Environment ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- International Business Machines, Armonk, N.Y., has been assigned a patent (8,316,381) developed by Paul Fearn, Raleigh, N.C., Stig Arne Olsson, Apex, N.C., and Geetha Vijayan, Austin, Texas, for "graphics for end to end component mapping and problem-solving in a network environment." The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "An example of a solution provided here comprises receiving as input at least one event (chosen from an event generated by an application probe, and an event generated by a component probe), and providing graphical output based on the inputs, whereby a user correlates a component problem with a performance problem affecting an application. Methods connected with graphics for end to end component mapping and problem-solving in a network environment, systems for executing such methods, and instructions on a computer-usable medium, for executing such methods, are provided." The patent application was filed on April 14, 2008 (12/102,357). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=8,316,381&OS=8,316,381&RS=8,316,381 Written by Satyaban Rath; edited by Hemanta Panigrahi.

*** International Business Machines Assigned Patent for System and Method for Human Identification Proof for Use in Virtual Environments ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- International Business Machines, Armonk, N.Y., has been assigned a patent (8,316,310) developed by four co-inventors for a "system and method for human identification proof for use in virtual environments." The co-inventors are David F. Champion, Durham, N.C., Jeffrey J. Smith, Raleigh, N.C., Kevin J. Smith, Mount Pleasant, Pa., and David T. Windell, Raleigh, N.C.

The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "A system, method and computer program product for verifying an avatar owner as a human user of an avatar in a virtual world environment in which users interact through avatars via client devices in network communication with a server device. A request for challenging an avatar in the virtual world environment is received to determine whether that avatar is controlled by an application program user (bot). A user client device associated with a challenged avatar is identified and a Human Identification Proof (HIP) message for detecting a human user versus a bot controlling the challenged avatar is generated and communicated, for receipt at the identified user client device. It is determined from the response, whether the user is a bot or a human user. If a challenged avatar is determined to be a bot, then the server device prevents the challenged avatar from further interaction in the virtual world environment." The patent application was filed on Aug. 5, 2008 (12/186,330). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=8,316,310&OS=8,316,310&RS=8,316,310 Written by Satyaban Rath; edited by Hemanta Panigrahi.

*** International Business Machines Assigned Patent for Concurrent Embedded Application Update ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- International Business Machines, Armonk, N.Y., has been assigned a patent (8,316,363) developed by Michael D. Hocker, Staatsburg, N.Y., Mark D. Marik, Denver, N.C., and Jimmie R. Mayfield Jr., Lexington, Ky., for a "concurrent embedded application update." The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "Providing concurrent embedded application updates comprising a first computer processor for executing a first embedded application, the executing generating a first plurality of processing threads, the first computer processor coupled to a first storage location and a second storage location. The first computer processor configured to accept and process instructions from a host system, receive one or more notifications indicating that a second embedded application has been successfully loaded into one of the first storage location and the second storage location, terminate execution of the first plurality of processing threads in response to receiving the one or more notifications, and execute the second embedded application while continuing to accept instructions from the host system and without restarting in response to receiving the one or more notifications." The patent application was filed on June 24, 2010 (12/822,799). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=8,316,363&OS=8,316,363&RS=8,316,363 Written by Satyaban Rath; edited by Hemanta Panigrahi.

*** EMC Assigned Patent ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- EMC, Hopkinton, Mass., has been assigned a patent (8,316,196) developed by Samuel Mullis, Raleigh, N.C., James Mark Holt, Raleigh, N.C., and Dennis Duprey, Raleigh, N.C., for "systems, methods and computer readable media for improving synchronization performance after partially completed writes." The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "Systems, methods, and computer readable media for improving synchronization performance after partially completed writes are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method for improving synchronization performance after partially completed writes includes receiving, from a requesting entity, data to be written to storage. The data to be written is sent to each of a plurality of data storage entities, including a primary data storage entity and at least one secondary data storage entity for providing a duplicate of the primary data storage entity. For each of the plurality of data storage entities, the portion of the data that was stored to the respective data storage entity is determined. For each of the secondary data storage entities, the portions of the secondary data storage entity that do not contain a duplicate of the corresponding portion of the primary data storage entity are identified as requiring synchronization, while the portions of secondary data storage entity that contain a duplicate of the corresponding portion of the primary data storage entity are identified as not requiring synchronization." The patent application was filed on Sept. 30, 2008 (12/242,725). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=83,16,196.PN.&OS=PN/83,16,196&RS=PN/83,16,196 Written by Kusum Sangma; edited by Anand Kumar.

*** International Business Machines Assigned Patent ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- International Business Machines, Armonk, N.Y., has been assigned a patent (8,316,309) developed by five co-inventors for a "user-created metadata for managing interface resources on a user interface." The co-inventors are Velda Bartek, Apex, N.C., Joseph A. Bohn, Durham, N.C., Kathryn H. Britton, Chapel Hill, N.C., Samar Choudhary, Morrisville, N.C., and Shikha Srivastava, Cary, N.C.

The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "A computer-implementable method enables a user to customize navigation of User Interface (UI) resources that are displayed on a computer User Interface (UI). A computer receives, from a user, an input of user-created metadata. This user-created metadata is associated with one or more UI resources that are depicted on a UI. In response to a user inputting specific metadata, the computer retrieves one or more UI resources that are associated with the specific metadata that has been input by the user. These retrieved one or more UI resources are displayed on the UI." The patent application was filed on May 31, 2007 (11/756,449). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=8,316,309.PN.&OS=PN/8,316,309&RS=PN/8,316,309 Written by Kusum Sangma; edited by Anand Kumar.

*** International Business Machines Assigned Patent for Physical to Hierarchical Bus Translation ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- International Business Machines, Armonk, N.Y., has been assigned a patent (8,316,169) developed by seven co-inventors for a "physical to hierarchical bus translation." The co-inventors are William J. Armstrong, Rochester, Minn., Scott N. Dunham, Raleigh, N.C., David R. Engebretsen, Cannon Falls, Minn., Gregory M. Nordstrom, Pine Island, Minn., Steven M. Thurber, Austin, Texas, Curtis C. Wollbrink, Rochester, Minn., and Adalberto G. Yanes, Rochester, Minn.

The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "In an embodiment, a translation of a physical bus number to a hierarchical bus number is written to a south chip. The south chip receives a configuration write command that comprises a physical bus number. The south chip sends the configuration write command to a device via the bus identified by the physical bus number, and the device stores the physical bus number in the device. In response to a received message from a device that comprises the physical bus number, the south chip replaces the physical bus number in the message with the hierarchical bus number. The south chip sends the message to a north chip via a point-to-point serial link. Both the physical bus number and the hierarchical bus number identify a bus with which the device connects to a bridge in the south chip." The patent application was filed on April 12, 2010 (12/758,329). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=83,16,169.PN.&OS=PN/83,16,169&RS=PN/83,16,169 Written by Kusum Sangma; edited by Anand Kumar.

*** PrivacyDataSystems Assigned Patent ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- PrivacyDataSystems, Greenwood, Ind., has been assigned a patent (8,316,233) developed by Stephen Errico, Charlotte, N.C., for "systems and methods for accessing secure and certified electronic messages." The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "The present disclosure provides systems and methods for accessing secure and certified electronic messages using a combination of biometric security, a separate and secure network and email infrastructure, email management processes, and the addition of text, audio and visual format options to sending emails messages." The patent application was filed on Sept. 9, 2009 (12/555,909). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=83,16,233.PN.&OS=PN/83,16,233&RS=PN/83,16,233 Written by Kusum Sangma; edited by Anand Kumar.

*** Time Warner Cable Assigned Patent ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- Time Warner Cable, New York, has been assigned a patent (8,316,150) developed by George Sarosi, Charlotte, N.C., for a "system and method for remotely accessing cablecard." The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "A system remotely accesses information on a non-addressable access control module, such as a cablecard module, over a communications network. The system includes a host device configured to interface with a network server remotely located from the host device and the access control module. The host device includes a table populated by information provided by the access control module in response to host a query. The host device provides at least a portion of the table to the server through the communications network in response to a server query to a network address of the host device." The patent application was filed on Oct. 31, 2007 (11/930,532). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=83,16,150.PN.&OS=PN/83,16,150&RS=PN/83,16,150 Written by Kusum Sangma; edited by Anand Kumar.

*** Red Hat Assigned Patent ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 21 -- Red Hat, Raleigh, Calif., has been assigned a patent (8,316,224) developed by four co-inventors for "systems and methods for tracking a history of changes associated with software packages and configuration management in a computing system." The co-inventors are Seth Kelby Vidal, Raleigh, N.C., Adrian Karstan Likins, Raleigh, N.C., Michael Paul DeHaan, Morrisville, N.C., and James Antill, Bristol, Conn.

The abstract of the patent published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office states: "In order to track actions performed by a package manager or a configuration management system, a computing system can be configured to include a tagging tool. The tagging tool can be configured to cooperate with the package manager and the configuration management system in order to determine and generate a history of the actions performed by the package manager and the configuration management system. The history can include a description of the actions, the reasons why the actions were performed, and a list and description of the software programs, files, and software libraries that are affected by the actions." The patent application was filed on Aug. 31, 2009 (12/551,523). The full-text of the patent can be found at http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=83,16,224.PN.&OS=PN/83,16,224&RS=PN/83,16,224 Written by Kusum Sangma; edited by Anand Kumar.

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