TMCnet News
JUNIPER NETWORKS INC - 10-K - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations(Edgar Glimpses Via Acquire Media NewsEdge) This Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Report"), including the "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and the future results of Juniper Networks, Inc. ("we," "us," or the "Company") that are based on our current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about our business, our results of operations, the industry in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as "expects," "anticipates," "targets," "goals," "projects," "would," "could," "intends," "plans," "believes," "seeks," "estimates," variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements by their nature address matters that are, to different degrees, uncertain, and these forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this Report under the section entitled "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of Part I and elsewhere, and in other reports we file with the SEC. While forward-looking statements are based on reasonable expectations of our management at the time that they are made, you should not rely on them. We undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason. The following discussion is based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP"). In the course of operating our business, we routinely make decisions as to the timing of the payment of invoices, the collection of receivables, the manufacturing and shipment of products, the fulfillment of orders, the purchase of supplies, and the building of inventory and spare parts, among other matters. Each of these decisions has some impact on the financial results for any given period. In making these decisions, we consider various factors including contractual obligations, customer satisfaction, competition, internal and external financial targets and expectations, and financial planning objectives. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosure of contingencies. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to sales returns, pricing credits, warranty costs, allowance for doubtful accounts, impairment of long-term assets, especially goodwill and intangible assets, contract manufacturer exposures for carrying and obsolete material charges, assumptions used in the valuation of share-based compensation, and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. For further information about our critical accounting policies and estimates, see Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report, and our "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" section included in this "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. To aid in understanding our operating results for the periods covered by this Report, we have provided an executive overview and a summary of the business and market environment. These sections should be read in conjunction with the more detailed discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations in this Item 7, our "Risk Factors" section included in Item 1A of Part I, and our Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Item 8 of Part II of this Report. Business and Market Environment At Juniper Networks, we design, develop, and sell products and services that together provide our customers with a high-performance network infrastructure built on simplicity, security, openness, and scale. We serve the high-performance networking requirements of global service providers, enterprises, governments, and research and public sector organizations that view the network as critical to their success. Our core competencies in hardware systems, silicon design, network architecture, and our open cross-network software platform are helping customers achieve superior performance, greater choice and flexibility, while reducing overall total cost of ownership. We do business in three geographic regions: Americas, EMEA, and APAC. Beginning in the first quarter of 2012, we aligned our organizational structure to focus on our platform and software strategy, which resulted in two business segments organized principally by product families: PSD and SSD. Our PSD segment primarily offers scalable routing and switching products that are used in service provider, enterprise, and public sector networks to control and direct network traffic between data centers, core, edge, aggregation, campus, WANs, branch, and consumer and business devices. Our SSD segment offers software solutions focused on network security and network services applications for both service providers and enterprise customers. Both segments offer worldwide services, including technical support and professional services, as well as educational and training programs to our customers. 32-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents We remain focused on a common vision for the new network and we believe that the organizational structure we have in place will effectively drive our innovative portfolio and support our customers' next-generation network requirements. Together, our high-performance product and service offerings help our customers to convert legacy networks that provide commoditized services into more valuable assets that provide differentiation, value, increased performance, reliability, and security to end-users. We remain dedicated to uncovering new ideas and innovations that will serve the exponentially increasing demands of the networked world, and we will endeavor to continue to build solutions that center on simplification, automation, and open innovation. During 2012, we saw moderate growth in some of our primary markets. We continued to experience an uncertain global macroeconomic environment in which our customers exercised care and conservatism in their investment prioritization and project deployments. We expect that our customers will continue to remain cautious with their capital spending in the near term. We also continued to experience declining product gross margins and pricing pressures from our competitors. We believe our product gross margins may continue to decline in the future, offset by operational improvements and cost efficiencies. Nevertheless, we are focused on executing our strategy to address the market trends of mobile Internet and cloud computing and we continue to see positive long-term fundamentals for high-performance networking. We continue to invest in innovation and strengthening our product portfolio, which resulted in new product offerings during 2012, including a smaller version of our QFabric solutions, the latest QFX3000-M QFabric System, T4000 Core Routers, PTX Series Packet Transport switches. Additionally, we experienced new customer wins contributing to the growth in the EX Series, MX Series, and SRX Series. We launched the new ACX Series router with support for both Ethernet access/aggregation and MPLS, which extends network intelligence closer to the subscriber and features an open, standards-based management system with software development kit ("SDK")-enabled programmability to enable rapid third-party innovation. We also announced new products and features in our Simply Connected portfolio, including SRX Series Services Gateways and WLA Series Wireless LAN Access Points, which simplify and secure mobile device access to enterprise networks. Furthermore, we acquired Mykonos Web Security Software, in February 2012 to complement our network security applications portfolio. Additionally, we announced innovative products to enable service providers to rapidly deliver and expand new consumer and business services. These products include our MX2020 and MX2010 3D Universal Edge Routers and new JunosV App Engine, which enable service providers to transform the network edge into a platform for rapid service deployment. We also launched the Junos Content Encore with MX Application Services Modular Line Card, which enables the delivery of premium content services over broadband connections across multiple device types. Furthermore, we announced a technology partnership with Riverbed Technology, Inc. ("Riverbed") that provides us with new capabilities for application delivery control, in exchange for Juniper providing WAN acceleration technology to Riverbed, along with promoting Riverbed as its WAN optimization provider of choice going forward. Throughout 2012, we focused on improved operational execution, continued innovation, and prudent capital allocation. We continue to believe that the underlying trends driving network investment around the cloud and mobility are intact and remain strong. During 2012, we also initiated a variety of actions to ensure we are positioned for the future, resulting in a restructuring plan (the "2012 Restructuring Plan") to bring our cost structure more in line with our desired long-term financial and strategic model. The 2012 Restructuring Plan consists of workforce reductions, facility consolidations or closures, and supply chain and procurement efficiencies. In connection with the 2012 Restructuring Plan, we recorded costs of $40.4 million for workforce reductions, facility consolidations or closures, and other charges during 2012. We also recorded certain inventory charges, intangible asset impairment charges, and contract termination costs of $52.9 million. We expect to incur charges related to the 2012 Restructuring Plan through the end of fiscal 2013. We continue to anticipate that our restructuring and cost reduction activities will result in approximately $150.0 million in cost reduction savings, primarily in operating expenses, and to a lesser extent, in both product and service cost of revenues for the full year 2013, in comparison to our 2012 full year levels. See Note 9, Restructuring and Other Charges, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report, for further discussion of our restructuring activities. On January 24, 2013, we communicated the following five principles that provide insight on our operating plans for 2013: • We expect the macroeconomic environment to remain uncertain; • We expect overall modest growth in the markets we serve; • We expect to take share in routing and switching and stabilize our share in enterprise security; • We expect to expand 2013 operating margins over 2012; and • We expect to continue to generate strong cash flows and prudently allocate capital. These five principles are based on our management's plans, assumptions, and expectations as of the date of this Report. Although we believe we have been prudent in our plans, expectations, and assumptions, should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could vary materially. 33-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Financial Results and Key Performance Metrics Overview The following table provides an overview of our key financial metrics for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 (in millions, except per share amounts, percentages, day sales outstanding, and book-to-bill): As of and for the Years Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 2012 vs. 2011 2011 vs. 2010 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change Net revenues $ 4,365.4 $ 4,448.7 $ 4,093.3 $ (83.3 ) (2)% $ 355.4 9% Gross Margin $ 2,708.8 $ 2,868.6 $ 2,741.8 $ (159.8 ) (6)% $ 126.8 5% Percentage of net revenues 62.1 % 64.5 % 67.0 % Operating income $ 308.1 $ 618.5 $ 767.6 $ (310.4 ) (50)% $ (149.1 ) (19)% Percentage of net revenues 7.1 % 13.9 % 18.8 % Net income attributable to Juniper Networks $ 186.5 $ 425.1 $ 618.4 $ (238.6 ) (56)% $ (193.3 ) (31)% Percentage of net revenues 4.3 % 9.6 % 15.1 % Net income per share attributable to Juniper Networks common stockholders: Basic $ 0.36 $ 0.80 $ 1.18 $ (0.44 ) (55)% $ (0.38 ) (32)% Diluted $ 0.35 $ 0.79 $ 1.15 $ (0.44 ) (56)% $ (0.36 ) (31)% Operating cash flows $ 642.4 $ 986.7 $ 812.3 $ (344.3 ) (35)% $ 174.4 21% Deferred revenue $ 923.4 $ 967.0 $ 884.4 $ (43.6 ) (5)% $ 82.6 9% Day sales outstanding ("DSO") (*) 35 46 45 (11 ) (24)% 1 2% Book-to-bill (*) >1 1 >1 ________________________________ (*) DSO and book-to-bill are for the fourth quarter ended 2012, 2011, and 2010. • Net Revenues: Our net revenue decreased in our EMEA and APAC regions, offset by an increase in the Americas region in 2012, compared to 2011. By market, we experienced declines in both service provider and enterprise markets in 2012, compared to 2011. The year-over-year decrease in our net revenues during 2012 was primarily due to a decline in sales of our core and edge legacy routing products and firewall products, partially offset by increases in our service revenue, switching products, and high-end SRX products. • Gross Margin: Our gross margin as a percentage of revenues decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, due to lower product margin from $44.3 million in inventory charges related to component inventory held in excess of forecasted demand and an intangible asset impairment charge of $16.1 million, and to a lesser extent, due to an increase in the size and number of strategic contracts with lower margins, and a shift in product mix to lower margin products. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in service margin. • Operating Income: Our operating income as a percentage of revenues decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to slower revenue growth relative to our sales and marketing and research and development expense, as we continue to invest in our innovative portfolio and bring new products to market. In addition, restructuring and other associated charges of $99.7 million were recorded in 2012, related to workforce reduction activities, facility closures, asset impairment charges, and contract terminations. • Net Income Attributable to Juniper Networks and Net Income Per Share Attributable to Juniper Networks Common Stockholders: The decrease in net income attributable to Juniper Networks in 2012, compared to 2011, reflects the lower operating income discussed above. • Operating Cash Flows: Operating cash flows decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to lower net income, higher taxes paid, timing of payments to our vendors, and a decrease in deferred revenue, offset by collections of our outstanding receivables. 34-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents • Deferred Revenue: Total deferred revenue decreased $43.6 million to $923.4 million as of December 31, 2012, compared to $967.0 million as of December 31, 2011, due to a decline in deferred service revenue, partially offset by an increase in deferred product revenue. • DSO: DSO is calculated as the ratio of ending accounts receivable, net of allowances, divided by average daily net sales for the preceding 90 days. DSO for the quarter ended December 31, 2012 decreased by 11 days, or 24% compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2011. The decrease was primarily due to shipment linearity, resulting in a greater proportion of the periods shipments converted to cash by the end of the period and an increase in collections on our outstanding receivables. • Book-to-Bill: Book-to-bill represents the ratio of product orders booked divided by product revenues during the respective period. Book-to-bill was greater than one for the quarter ended December 31, 2012 and one for the quarter ended December 31, 2011. • Stock Repurchase Plan Activity: Under our stock repurchase program, we repurchased approximately 35.8 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $18.05 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $645.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2012. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes. We base our estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience, and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, to determine the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report, describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The critical accounting policies described below are significantly affected by critical accounting estimates. Such accounting policies require significant judgments, assumptions, and estimates used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements and actual results could differ materially from the amounts reported based on these policies. To the extent there are material differences between our estimates and the actual results, our future consolidated results of operations may be affected. • Inventory Valuation and Contract Manufacturer Liabilities. Inventory consists primarily of component parts to be used in the manufacturing process and is stated at lower of average cost or market. A provision is recorded when inventory is determined to be in excess of anticipated demand or obsolete, to adjust inventory to its estimated realizable value. In determining the provision, we also consider estimated recovery rates based on the nature of the inventory. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, our inventory balances were $62.5 million and $69.1 million, respectively. We establish a liability for non-cancelable, non-returnable purchase commitments with our contract manufacturers for carrying charges, quantities in excess of our demand forecasts, or obsolete material charges for components purchased by the contract manufacturers to meet our demand forecasts or customer orders. We also take estimated recoveries of aged inventory into consideration when determining the liability. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, our contract manufacturer liabilities were $27.7 million and $14.8 million, respectively. Significant judgment is used in establishing our forecasts of future demand, recovery rates based on the nature and age of inventory, and obsolete material exposures. If the actual component usage and product demand are significantly lower than forecast, which may be caused by factors within and outside of our control, or if there were a higher incidence of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and our customer requirements, we may be required to increase our inventory write-downs and contract manufacturer liabilities, which could have an adverse impact on our gross margins and profitability. We regularly evaluate our exposure for inventory write-downs and adequacy of our contract manufacturer liabilities. Inventory and supply chain management remains an area of focus as we balance the risk of material obsolescence and supply chain flexibility in order to reduce lead times. • Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets. We make significant estimates, assumptions, and judgments when valuing goodwill and other intangible assets in connection with the initial purchase price allocation of an acquired entity, as well as when evaluating impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets on an ongoing basis. These estimates are based upon a number of factors, including historical experience, market conditions, and information obtained from the management of the acquired company. Critical estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, historical and projected customer retention rates, anticipated growth in revenue from the acquired customer 35-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents and product base, and the expected use of the acquired assets. These factors are also considered in determining the useful life of the acquired intangible assets. The amounts and useful lives assigned to identified intangible assets impacts the amount and timing of future amortization expense. The value of our goodwill and intangible assets could be impacted by future adverse changes such as, but not limited to: (a) a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate; (b) a substantial decline in our market capitalization, (c) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; (d) unanticipated competition; (e) loss of key personnel; (f) a more likely-than-not expectation of sale or disposal of a reporting unit or a significant portion thereof; (g) a realignment of our resources or restructuring of our existing businesses in response to changes to industry and market conditions; (h) testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit; or (i) higher discount rate used in the impairment analysis as impacted by an increase in interest rates. We evaluate goodwill on an annual basis as of November 1st or more frequently if we believe impairment indicators exist. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is one level below our operating segment level, by comparing the reporting unit's carrying value, including goodwill, to the fair value of the reporting unit. The fair values of the reporting units are estimated using significant judgment based on a combination of the income and the market approaches. Under the income approach, we estimate fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of forecasted future cash flows that the reporting unit is expected to generate over its remaining life. Under the market approach, we estimate fair value of our reporting units based on an analysis that compares the value of the reporting units to values of publicly-traded companies in similar lines of business. If the fair value of the reporting unit does not exceed the carrying value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit, then we perform the second step of the impairment test in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill. When the carrying value of a reporting unit's goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, we record an impairment loss equal to the difference. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is highly judgmental in nature and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include revenue growth rates and operating margins used to calculate projected future cash flows, operating trends, risk-adjusted discount rates, future economic and market conditions and determination of appropriate market comparables. We base our fair value estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. In addition, we make certain judgments and assumptions in allocated shared assets and liabilities to determine the carrying values for each of our reporting units. As of December 31, 2012, goodwill recorded for our PSD segment and SSD segment was $1,866.3 million and $2,191.5 million, respectively. The fair value of our reporting units, in particular SSD, are sensitive to events or changes in circumstances, such as adverse changes in operating results or macro-economic conditions, changes in management's business strategy, or declines in our stock price. A hypothetical 5% decrease in the estimated fair value of our reporting units would result in the fair value of our SSD segment to be above its carrying value by approximately 1% and the fair value of our PSD segment to be in excess of its carrying value by approximately 80%. See Item 1A of Part I, "Risk Factors," for more information. We evaluate long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, and purchased intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Such events or changes in circumstances include, but are not limited to, a significant decrease in the fair value of the underlying asset or asset group, a significant decrease in the benefits realized from the acquired assets, difficulty and delays in integrating the business or a significant change in the operations of the acquired assets or use of an asset. A long-lived asset is considered impaired if its carrying amount exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flows the asset or asset group is expected to generate. If a long-lived asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. • Warranty Reserves. We generally offer a one-year warranty on all of our hardware products and a 90-day warranty on the media that contains the software embedded in the products. We use judgment and estimates when determining warranty costs as part of our cost of sales based on associated material costs, labor costs for trouble-shooting and repair, and overhead at the time revenue is recognized. Material cost is estimated primarily based upon the historical costs to repair or replace product returns within the warranty period. Technical support labor and overhead cost are estimated primarily based upon historical trends in the cost to support the customer cases within the warranty period. Although we engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, if actual product failure rates, use of materials, or service delivery costs differ from estimates, additional warranty costs may be incurred, which could reduce gross margin. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, our warranty reserves were $29.7 million and $28.3 million, respectively. 36-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents • Revenue recognition. Revenue is recognized when all of the following criteria have been met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery has occurred, (3) sales price is fixed or determinable, and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. We enter into contracts to sell our products and services, and while some of our sales agreements contain standard terms and conditions, there are agreements that contain multiple elements or non-standard terms and conditions. As a result, significant contract interpretation may be required to determine the appropriate accounting, including whether the deliverables specified in a multiple element arrangement should be treated as separate units of accounting for revenue recognition purposes, and, if so, how the price should be allocated among the elements and when to recognize revenue for each element. Changes in the allocation of the sales price between elements may impact the timing of revenue recognition but will not change the total revenue recognized on the contract. Under our revenue recognition policies, we allocate revenue to each element based on a selling price hierarchy. The selling price for a deliverable is based on our vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") if available, third-party evidence ("TPE") if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price ("ESP") if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. We establish VSOE of selling price using the price charged for a deliverable when sold separately. TPE of selling price is established by evaluating largely interchangeable competitor products or services in stand-alone sales to similarly situated customers. ESP is established considering internal factors such as margin objectives, pricing practices and controls, customer segment pricing strategies and product life cycle. Consideration is also given to market conditions such as industry pricing strategies and technology life cycles. When determining ESP, we apply management judgment to establish margin objectives and pricing strategies and to evaluate market conditions and product life cycles. We do not use TPE as we do not consider our products to be similar or interchangeable to our competitors' products in standalone sales to similarly situated customers. Revenue from maintenance service contracts is deferred and recognized ratably over the contractual support period, which is generally one to three years. We applied ESP to the majority of our product revenue and VSOE to our service revenue in 2012, 2011, and 2010. • Share-Based Compensation. We recognize share-based compensation expense for all share-based payment awards including stock options, RSUs, RSAs, PSAs, and purchases under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") based on each award's fair value on the grant date. We utilize the Black-Scholes-Merton ("BSM") option-pricing model in order to determine the fair value of stock options and ESPP. The BSM model requires various highly subjective assumptions including volatility, expected award life, and risk-free interest rate. The expected volatility is based on the implied volatility of market traded options on our common stock, adjusted for other relevant factors including historical volatility of our common stock over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected life of our stock options. The expected life of an award is based on historical experience. We determine the fair value of RSUs, RSAs and PSAs based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. In addition, we use significant judgment in estimating share-based compensation expense for our PSAs based on the vesting criteria and only recognize expense for the portions in which annual targets have been set. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment awards represent management's best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management's judgment. If factors change and different assumptions are used, our share-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. Additionally, we are required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate based on historical experience, as well as judgment, and recognize expense only for those expected-to-vest shares. If our actual forfeiture rate is materially different from our estimate, our recorded share-based compensation expense could be different. • Income Taxes. We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our uncertain tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes. Although we believe our reserves are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different from that which is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit or the refinement of an estimate. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different that the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made. Significant judgment is also required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider all available evidence, including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. In the event that we change our determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, we will adjust our valuation allowance with a corresponding impact to the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made. 37-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Our provision for income taxes is subject to volatility and could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in countries that have lower tax rates and higher than anticipated in countries that have higher tax rates; by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities; by expiration of or lapses in the R&D tax credit laws; by transfer pricing adjustments, including the effect of acquisitions on our intercompany R&D cost-sharing arrangement and legal structure; by tax effects of nondeductible compensation; by tax costs related to intercompany realignments; by changes in accounting principles; or by changes in tax laws and regulations, including possible U.S. changes to the taxation of earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, the deductibility of expenses attributable to foreign income, or the foreign tax credit rules. Significant judgment is required to determine the recognition and measurement attributes prescribed in the accounting guidance for uncertainty in income taxes. The accounting guidance for uncertainty in income taxes applies to all income tax positions, including the potential recovery of previously paid taxes, which if settled unfavorably could adversely affect our provision for income taxes or additional paid-in capital. In addition, we are subject to the continuous examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance that the outcomes from these continuous examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition. • Loss Contingencies. We use significant judgment and assumptions to estimate the likelihood of loss or impairment of an asset, or the incurrence of a liability, in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We record a charge equal to the minimum estimated liability for litigation costs or a loss contingency only when both of the following conditions are met: (i) information available prior to issuance of our consolidated financial statements indicates that it is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (ii) the range of loss can be reasonably estimated. We regularly evaluate current information available to us to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted and whether new accruals are required. Recent Accounting Pronouncements See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report, for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on financial condition and results of operations, which is incorporated herein by reference. Results of Operations The following table presents product and service (in millions, except percentages): Years Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 2012 vs. 2011 2011 vs. 2010 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change Product $ 3,262.1 $ 3,478.3 $ 3,258.7 $ (216.2 ) (6)% $ 219.6 7% Percentage of net revenues 74.7 % 78.2 % 79.6 % Service 1,103.3 970.4 834.6 132.9 14% 135.8 16% Percentage of net revenues 25.3 % 21.8 % 20.4 % Total net revenues $ 4,365.4 $ 4,448.7 $ 4,093.3 $ (83.3 ) (2)% $ 355.4 9% The decrease in product revenues in 2012, compared to 2011, was primarily due to a decline in sales of our core and edge legacy routing and firewall products, partially offset by an increase in our switching and high-end SRX products. Our 2012 revenues reflect initial sales from the introduction of our T4000, PTX and ACX routing products. The increase in service revenues in 2012 was primarily driven by strong contract renewals compared to 2011 for certain edge routing, switching and security products. The increase in product revenues in 2011, compared to 2010, was primarily due to an increase in sales of our edge routing and switching products, partially offset by decreases in core routing and high-end firewall products. Our 2011 revenues reflect initial sales from the introduction of our QFabric solution. The increase in service revenues in 2011, compared to 2010, was primarily attributable to sales and contract renewals for certain edge routing, switching, and security products. 38-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Net Revenues by Market and Customer The following table presents net revenues by market (in millions, except percentages): Years Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 2012 vs. 2011 2011 vs. 2010 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change Service Provider $ 2,811.2 $ 2,833.0 $ 2,631.5 $ (21.8 ) (1 )% $ 201.5 8% Percentage of net revenues 64.4 % 63.7 % 64.3 % Enterprise 1,554.2 1,615.7 1,461.8 (61.5 ) (4 )% 153.9 11% Percentage of net revenues 35.6 % 36.3 % 35.7 % Total net revenues $ 4,365.4 $ 4,448.7 $ 4,093.3 $ (83.3 ) (2 )% $ 355.4 9% We sell our high-performance network products and service offerings from both our PSD and SSD segments to two primary markets: service provider and enterprise. Determination of which market a particular revenue transaction relates to is based primarily upon the customer's industrial classification code, but may also include subjective factors such as the intended use of the product. The service provider market generally includes wireline, wireless, and cable operators, as well as major Internet content and application providers, including those that provide social networking and search engine services. The enterprise market generally comprises businesses; federal, state, and local governments; and research and education institutions. Net revenues from sales to the service provider market decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to reduced routing purchases by some of our international and content service providers, partially offset by strong growth from Tier 1 carrier service providers in the Americas. Net revenues from sales to the service provider market increased in 2011, compared to 2010, across all of our geographic regions, specifically in the Americas and EMEA. The increase was largely attributable to customers' adoption of our routing and switching products. Net revenues generated from the enterprise market decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to lower revenue in federal and financial services, offset by our expanding presence in APAC and EMEA. Net revenues generated from the enterprise market increased in 2011 compared to 2010 across all three geographic regions. The increase, reflecting demand for both routing and switching products, was driven by the value proposition we offer to customers as well the expansion of our presence in the global enterprise market. In 2012 and 2010, Verizon Communications, Inc. accounted for 10.3% and 10.4% of our net revenues, respectively. In 2011, no single customer accounted for greater than 10% of our net revenues Net Revenues by Geographic Region The following table presents net revenues by geographic region (in millions, except percentages): Years Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 2012 vs. 2011 2011 vs. 2010 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change Americas: United States $ 2,067.5 $ 2,015.8 $ 1,890.1 $ 51.7 3% $ 125.7 7% Other 218.4 222.2 205.5 (3.8 ) (2)% 16.7 8% Total Americas 2,285.9 2,238.0 2,095.6 47.9 2% 142.4 7% Percentage of net revenues 52.4 % 50.3 % 51.2 % EMEA 1,266.3 1,339.8 1,189.3 (73.5 ) (5)% 150.5 13% Percentage of net revenues 29.0 % 30.1 % 29.1 % APAC 813.2 870.9 808.4 (57.7 ) (7)% 62.5 8% Percentage of net revenues 18.6 % 19.6 % 19.7 %Total net revenues $ 4,365.4 $ 4,448.7 $ 4,093.3 $ (83.3 ) (2)% $ 355.4 9% 39-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Net revenues in the Americas increased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to increased sales in the United States to certain service providers, offset by a decline in the enterprise market particularly among federal and financial services customers. Net revenues in the Americas increased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to increased sales in the United States attributable to the demand for our routing and switching products and services from enterprise and service provider customers. Net revenues in EMEA decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to decreased sales in Western and Southern Europe as a result of the challenging economic climate in those areas. The decrease was partially offset by increased revenues in the Middle East and from a top service provider in Eastern Europe, across a broad range of our product portfolio. The increase in net revenues in EMEA in 2011, compared to 2010, was driven by service provider and enterprise demand for our routing and switching products and related services, in both the service provider and enterprise markets. The increases were largely attributable to Sweden, Eastern Europe, and the Netherlands. In addition, we recognized the first revenue from a top service provider in Eastern Europe, across a broad range of our product portfolio. Net revenues in APAC decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to a decrease in sales to a certain service provider customer in Japan, following a large product deployment that occurred in 2011. This decrease was partially offset by growth in China in the enterprise market. Net revenues in APAC increased in 2011, compared to 2010, due to the increase in revenues from both service provider and enterprise markets. Net revenues also increased in Southeast Asia and Australia in 2011, compared to 2010, partially offset by continued weakness in Japan and a deferral of some demand in China. Gross Margins The following table presents gross margins (in millions, except percentages): Years Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 2012 vs. 2011 2011 vs. 2010 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change Product gross margin $ 2,058.1 $ 2,323.0 $ 2,257.8 $ (264.9 ) (11)% $ 65.2 3% Percentage of product revenues 63.1 % 66.8 % 69.3 % Service gross margin 650.7 545.6 484.0 105.1 19% 61.6 13% Percentage of service revenues 59.0 % 56.2 % 58.0 % Total gross margin $ 2,708.8 $ 2,868.6 $ 2,741.8 $ (159.8 ) (6)% $ 126.8 5% Percentage of net revenues 62.1 % 64.5 % 67.0 % Product gross margin percentage decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to a $44.3 million inventory charge related to component inventory held in excess of forecasted demand and to an intangible asset impairment charge of $16.1 million related to our 2012 restructuring activities as discussed in Note 8, Other Financial Information, and Note 7, Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report. To a lesser extent, the decrease was due to an increase in the size and number of strategic contracts with lower margins and to a shift in product mix to lower margin products. Product gross margin percentage decreased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to a lower proportion of router revenue, a shift in the geographic mix of revenue from the Americas, and increased fixed overhead and inventory-related costs. From 2010 through 2012, our product gross margins have declined. We expect this trend to continue into 2013, due to a shift in product mix and pricing pressures offset in part by innovation and cost efficiencies. Service gross margin percentage increased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to higher service revenues, combined with a continuing focus on operational improvements and cost efficiencies. Service gross margin percentage decreased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to a growth in headcount for service and support resources for our expanded product portfolio. We expect service gross margins to remain relatively stable in 2013. 40-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Operating Expenses The following table presents operating expenses (in millions, except percentages): Years Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 2012 vs. 2011 2011 vs. 2010 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change Research and development $ 1,101.6 $ 1,026.8 $ 917.9 $ 74.8 7% $ 108.9 12% Percentage of net revenues 25.2 % 23.1 % 22.4 % Sales and marketing 1,042.0 1,001.1 857.1 40.9 4% 144.0 17% Percentage of net revenues 23.9 % 22.5 % 20.9 % General and administrative 203.6 179.1 177.9 24.5 14% 1.2 1% Percentage of net revenues 4.7 % 4.0 % 4.3 % Amortization of purchased intangible assets 4.7 5.4 4.2 (0.7 ) (13)% 1.2 29% Percentage of net revenues 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % Restructuring and other charges 46.8 30.6 10.8 16.2 53% 19.8 183% Percentage of net revenues 1.1 % 0.7 % 0.3 % Acquisition-related charges 2.0 7.1 6.3 (5.1 ) (72)% 0.8 13% Percentage of net revenues - % 0.2 % 0.2 % Total operating expenses $ 2,400.7 $ 2,250.1 $ 1,974.2 $ 150.6 7% $ 275.9 14% Percentage of net revenues 55.0 % 50.6 % 48.2 % Our operating expenses have historically been driven by personnel-related costs, including wages, commissions, bonuses, vacation, benefits, share-based compensation, and travel, and we expect this trend to continue. Facility and information technology ("IT") departmental costs are allocated to other departments based on usage and headcount. Facility and IT related headcount was 368, 375, 388, as of December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. We had a total of 9,234, 9,129, and 8,772 employees as of December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. The year-over-year increase in total operating expenses in 2012 was primarily driven by an increase in personnel-related costs of $81.2 million, primarily from salaries, benefits, higher variable compensation and share-based compensation, offset by lower commissions, and headcount growth, and an increase in engineering program costs of $12.2 million. R&D expense increased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to an increase in engineering program costs driven by new product initiatives in the first half of the year in addition to higher variable compensation. Our R&D headcount decreased by 1% as of December 31, 2012, to 4,081 compared to 4,138 as of December 31, 2011, as a result of our restructuring activities in the second half of 2012. R&D expense increased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to an increase in personnel-related expenses. Also contributing to the increase was higher consulting, facilities, and IT costs associated with our R&D projects to support our new product initiatives, including the data center, mobility, and core solutions. This increase was partially offset by lower variable compensation in 2011. Sales and marketing expense increased slightly in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to an increase in personnel-related expenses from a 4% increase in headcount from 2,568 employees as of December 31, 2011 to 2,680 employees as of December 31, 2012, as well as higher demo costs associated with bringing new products to market. These increases were partially offset by lower commissions and a decrease in outside services. Sales and marketing expense increased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to an increase in personnel-related expenses. Also contributing to the increase in 2011 was an increase in commission expense driven by higher revenues and an increase in outside services incurred to support our sales and marketing activities. General and administrative ("G&A") expense increased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to an increase in outside professional services, which consists of legal and consulting fees to support our finance-related initiatives, including our ERP implementation. G&A headcount increased 5% from 463 as of December 31, 2011 to 486 as of December 31, 2012. G&A expense was relatively flat in 2011, compared to 2010, as costs associated with the G&A headcount growth of 3%, from 449 at December 31, 2010 to 463 at December 31, 2011, were largely offset by lower variable compensation. Amortization of purchased intangible assets decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, as certain purchased intangible assets reached the end of their amortization period during 2011, partially offset by the addition of purchased intangible assets from 41-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents acquisitions completed during 2012. Amortization of purchased intangible assets increased in 2011 compared to 2010, due to the addition of purchased intangible assets from acquisitions during 2011 and 2010. Restructuring and other charges increased in 2012, compared to 2011, due to a restructuring plan (the "2012 Restructuring Plan") initiated in the third quarter of 2012 to bring our cost structure in line with our desired long-term financial and strategic model. We also incurred charges related to a restructuring plan (the "2011 Restructuring Plan") implemented in the third quarter of 2011 to align our business operations with macroeconomic and other market conditions. During 2012, we incurred $46.8 million of restructuring and other charges related to our restructuring plans primarily for workforce reductions and facility closures. Restructuring and other charges increased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to $15.3 million of charges related to workforce reductions and $13.5 million in other charges primarily related to the impairment of an abandoned in-process internal use software project. Acquisition-related charges decreased during 2012, compared to 2011, due to a lower number and size of acquisitions completed in 2012 compared to both 2011 and the fourth quarter of 2010. In 2011 and 2010, we recorded $7.1 million and $6.3 million, respectively, in direct and indirect acquisition-related costs such as financial advisory, legal, due diligence, and integration costs from acquisitions completed in 2011 and 2010. See Note 3, Business Combinations, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report, for further discussion of these acquisitions. Share-Based Compensation Share-based compensation expense associated with stock options, ESPP, RSUs, RSAs, and PSAs was recorded in the following cost and expense categories (in millions, except percentages): Years Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 2012 vs. 2011 2011 vs. 2010 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change Cost of revenues - Product $ 4.6 $ 4.6 $ 4.4 $ - -% $ 0.2 5% Cost of revenues - Service 17.0 15.7 13.5 1.3 8% 2.2 16% Research and development 109.1 97.7 78.5 11.4 12% 19.2 24% Sales and marketing 81.6 70.9 54.9 10.7 15% 16.0 29% General and administrative 31.1 33.3 30.7 (2.2 ) (7)% 2.6 8% Total $ 243.4 $ 222.2 $ 182.0 $ 21.2 10% $ 40.2 22% Share-based compensation expense increased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to a higher number of RSU awards granted as well as a change in standard vesting terms from four years to three years for those RSU awards granted in 2012. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in stock options grants valued at a lower fair value and a decrease in expense associated with PSAs due to lower achievement of performance targets. Share-based compensation expense increased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to the increase in awards granted driven by headcount growth and higher fair value of equity awards attributable to the increase in the market value of our common stock for those awards. Other (Expense) Income, Net and Income Tax Provision The following table presents other (expense) income, net and income tax provision (in millions, except percentages): Years Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 2012 vs. 2011 2011 vs. 2010 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change Interest income $ 11.0 $ 9.7 $ 10.5 $ 1.3 13 % $ (0.8 ) (8)% Interest expense (52.9 ) (49.5 ) (8.7 ) (3.4 ) 7 % (40.8 ) 469% Other 25.3 (7.0 ) 8.8 32.3 (461 )% (15.8 ) (180)% Total other (expense) income, net $ (16.6 ) $ (46.8 ) $ 10.6 $ 30.2 (65 )% $ (57.4 ) (542)% Percentage of net revenues (0.4 )% (1.1 )% 0.3 % Income tax provision $ 105.0 $ 146.7 $ 158.8 $ (41.7 ) (28 )% $ (12.1 ) (8)%Effective tax rate 36.0 % 25.7 % 20.4 % 42-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Interest income primarily includes interest income from our cash, cash equivalents, and investments. Interest income increased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to a higher balance of long-term investments yielding higher interest. Interest income decreased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to a lower balance of long-term investments yielding lower interest. Interest expense primarily consists of interest from our long-term debt and customer financing arrangements. Interest expense increased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to the issuance of $1.0 billion of our senior notes (the "Notes") near the end of the first quarter of 2011 and related interest expense of $40.0 million, net of capitalized interest. Interest expense increased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to $37.7 million of interest expense, net of capitalized interest, on the Notes. See Note 10, Long-Term Debt and Financing, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for further discussion of the Notes. Other typically consists of investment and foreign exchange gains and losses and other non-operational income and expense items. In 2012, we recognized gains of $45.5 million, including a gain of $14.7 million from the acquisition of our privately-held investment in Contrail, and impairment losses of $20.0 million included in other, related to our privately-held investments. In 2011, Other included certain legal expenses unrelated to current or recent operations of approximately $7.0 million. In 2010, we recognized a total gain of $8.7 million within Other, primarily due to acquisitions of our privately-held investments in Ankeena and Altor. Our effective tax rates were 36.0%, 25.7%, 20.4% in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. The effective rate for 2012 is substantially similar to the federal statutory rate of 35%. The effective rate for 2012 does not reflect the benefit of the federal R&D credit which expired on December 31, 2011. On January 2, 2013, the President signed into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which retroactively extended the federal R&D credit for two years through December 31, 2013. As a result we expect to record a favorable benefit of approximately$17.0 million to $19.0 million in the first quarter of 2013 from the retroactive renewal of the 2012 federal R&D credit. The increase in the overall effective tax rate for 2012 compared to 2011 and 2010 was primarily due to the effect of changes in foreign earnings, the expiration of R&D credit on December 31, 2011 and a $54.1 million income tax benefit in 2010 resulting from a change in our estimate of unrecognized tax benefits due to the taxpayer favorable ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in Xilinx Inc. v. Commissioner related to share-based compensation. The effective tax rates for 2011 and 2010, differed from the federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the federal R&D credit, the benefit of earnings in foreign jurisdictions, which are subject to lower tax rates and the change in our estimate of unrecognized tax benefits as noted above. For a complete reconciliation of our effective tax rate to the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% and further explanation of our income tax provision, see Note 14, Income Taxes, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report. Segment Information For a description of the products and services for each segment, see Item 1 Business, in Part I of this Report. A description of the measures included in segment contribution margin can also be found in Note 13, Segment Information, in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report. Select segment financial data for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012 was as follows: Platform Systems Division Segment (in millions, except percentages) Years Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 2012 vs. 2011 2011 vs. 2010 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change PSD product revenues: Routing $ 1,946.8 $ 2,166.0 $ 2,034.7 $ (219.2 ) (10)% $ 131.3 6% Switching 554.8 495.8 377.7 59.0 12% 118.1 31% Security/Other 182.5 213.2 211.1 (30.7 ) (14)% 2.1 1% Total PSD product revenues 2,684.1 2,875.0 2,623.5 (190.9 ) (7)% 251.5 10% PSD service revenues 834.3 713.3 603.3 121.0 17% 110.0 18%Total PSD revenues $ 3,518.4 $ 3,588.3 $ 3,226.8 $ (69.9 ) (2)% $ 361.5 11% PSD contribution margin (*) $ 1,409.4 $ 1,586.2 $ 1,477.9 $ (176.8 ) (11)% $ 108.3 7% Percentage of PSD revenues 40.1 % 44.2 % 45.8 % _______________________________ 43-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents (*) A reconciliation of contribution margin to income before taxes and noncontrolling interest can be found in Note 13, Segments, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement in Item 8 of this Report. PSD product revenues decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, due to the decline in sales of our core and edge legacy routing and branch firewall products. The decline in sales was primarily attributable to lower spending by international customers and by content service provider customers in Americas, partially offset by an increase in sales of our switching products. A majority of our service revenues are earned from customers that purchase our products and enter into contracts for support services. PSD service revenues increased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to strong contract renewals for support services. PSD contribution margin as a percent of PSD revenues decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to a decline in revenues. The decrease was also attributable to a shift in product mix to lower margin products and out of period adjustments related to prototype development costs that were recorded in the third quarter of 2012, which increased R&D expense by $11.5 million. The decrease in contribution margin was partially offset by reduced costs as a result of a continuing focus on operational improvements and cost efficiencies. PSD product revenues increased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to growth in the enterprise and service provider markets across all regions. The increased demand for our routing and switching products was primarily driven by growing network demand attributable to increased reliance on digital devices connected to the network and, to a lesser extent, on the improved macroeconomic environment. PSD service revenues increased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to strong contract renewals for support services. PSD contribution margin as a percentage of PSD revenues decreased in 2011, compared to 2010, due to higher R&D spend to support our product portfolio at a higher rate than our revenue return. Software Solutions Division Segment (in millions, except percentages) Years Ended December 31, 2012 2011 2010 2012 vs. 2011 2011 vs. 2010 $ Change % Change $ Change % Change SSD product revenues: Security/Other $ 493.3 $ 490.6 $ 539.4 $ 2.7 1% $ (48.8 ) (9)% Routing 84.7 112.7 95.8 (28.0 ) (25)% 16.9 18% Total SSD product revenues 578.0 603.3 635.2 (25.3 ) (4)% (31.9 ) (5)% SSD service revenues 269.0 257.1 231.3 11.9 5% 25.8 11% Total SSD revenues $ 847.0 $ 860.4 $ 866.5 $ (13.4 ) (2)% $ (6.1 ) (1)% SSD contribution margin (*) $ 340.6 $ 345.0 $ 405.0 $ (4.4 ) (1)% $ (60.0 ) (15)% Percentage of SSD revenues 40.2 % 40.1 % 46.7 % _______________________________ (*) A reconciliation of contribution margin to income before taxes and noncontrolling interest can be found in Note 13, Segments, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement in Item 8 of this Report. SSD product revenues decreased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to a decline in the sales of our legacy high-end firewall products and routing services products, partially offset by an increase in sales of our high-end SRX products. SSD service revenues increased in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily driven by strong contract renewals for support services. SSD contribution margin as a percentage of SSD revenues remained relatively stable in 2012, compared to 2011, due to a shift in product mix to lower margin products offset by reduced costs as a result of our continued focus on operational improvements and cost efficiencies. SSD product revenues decreased slightly in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to a decline in sales of our high-end firewall products, offset by increases in routing services products. SSD service revenues increased in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to increased revenue from new service contracts and strong contract renewals for support services. SSD contribution margin as a percentage of SSD revenues in 2011, compared to 2010, decreased primarily due to a shift in the product mix toward lower margin products. 44-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Liquidity and Capital Resources Historically, we have funded our business primarily through our operating activities and the issuance of our common stock, and more recently, the issuance of the Notes. The following table shows our capital resources (in millions, except percentages): As of December 31, 2012 2011 $ Change % Change Working capital $ 2,178.7 $ 2,973.0 $ (794.3 ) (27 )% Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,407.8 $ 2,910.4 $ (502.6 ) (17 )% Short-term investments 441.5 641.3 (199.8 ) (31 )% Long-term investments 988.1 740.7 247.4 33 % Total cash, cash equivalents, and investments 3,837.4 4,292.4 (455.0 ) (11 )% Long-term debt 999.2 999.0 0.2 - % Net cash, cash equivalents, and investments $ 2,838.2 $ 3,293.4 $ (455.2 ) (14 )% The significant components of our working capital are cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and accounts receivable, reduced by accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and short-term deferred revenue. Working capital decreased by $794.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily due to a higher cash and cash equivalent balance at December 31, 2011 as a result of the issuance of the Notes in March 2011 and a decrease in accounts receivables, offset by decreases in accounts payable and short-term deferred revenue. Summary of Cash Flows As of December 31, 2012, our cash and cash equivalents decreased by $502.6 million from December 31, 2011. This decrease was mainly the result of cash used in our investing and financing activities of $596.7 million and $548.3 million, respectively, offset by $642.4 million generated from operating activities. Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities was $642.4 million, $986.7 million, and $812.3 million, for 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. Cash flows from operations decreased by $344.3 million in 2012, compared to 2011, primarily due to lower consolidated net income, higher taxes paid, timing of payments to our vendors, and a decrease in deferred revenue, offset by the timing of collections on our outstanding receivables. Cash flows from operations increased by $174.4 million in 2011, compared to 2010, primarily due to the one-time litigation settlement payment of $169.3 million in 2010 which did not occur in 2011. The increase was partially offset by lower consolidated net income in 2011. Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities was $596.7 million, $707.2 million, and $532.7 million, in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities in 2012, compared to 2011, was primarily due to fewer purchases of investments, offset by higher spending on asset purchases, property and equipment, and acquisitions. During 2011, we invested the proceeds from the issuance of the Notes in available-for-sale securities and purchased property and equipment for the phased campus build-out of our corporate headquarters in Sunnyvale, CA. We expect our capital expenditures to decrease in 2013 as we complete our phased campus build-out. Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities was $548.3 million and $72.4 million in 2012 and 2010, respectively, and net cash generated from financing activities was $819.0 million in 2011. The change from 2011 to 2012 was primarily due to the issuance of the Notes in 2011 and an increase in purchases and retirement of common stock and fewer proceeds from employee stock option exercises in 2012. We generated additional cash from financing activities in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to the issuance of the Notes, partially offset by the repurchase of our outstanding common stock. For further discussion of our long-term debt, see Note 10, Long-Term Debt and Financing, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report. 45-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Stock Repurchase Activities In June 2012, our Board of Directors (the "Board") approved a stock repurchase program (the "2012 Stock Repurchase Program"), which authorized us to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of our common stock. The 2012 Stock Repurchase Program was in addition to the stock repurchase program approved by the Board in February 2010 (the "2010 Stock Repurchase Program"), which authorized us to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of our common stock. The 2010 Stock Repurchase Program authorization was in addition to the stock repurchase program approved by the Board in March 2008, which also enabled us to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of our common stock. We repurchased and retired approximately 35.8 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $18.05 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $645.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2012, under our Stock Repurchase Programs. As of December 31, 2012, there were $568.2 million authorized funds remaining under our Stock Repurchase Programs. We expect to continue to calibrate our buybacks in future quarters with market conditions at the time. Restructuring As of December 31, 2012, we accrued total restructuring charges of approximately $18.2 million related to our 2012 and 2011 Restructuring Plans, of which approximately $10.6 million related to severance costs that are expected to be paid through the third quarter of fiscal 2013. The remaining $7.6 million in facilities-related and other charges are expected to be paid through March 2018. During 2012, we made payments related to our restructuring plans totaling approximately $33.1 million for severance costs, facility closures, and contract terminations. Deferred Revenue Deferred product revenue represents unrecognized revenue related to shipments to distributors that have not sold through to end-users, undelivered product commitments, and other shipments that have not met all revenue recognition criteria. Deferred product revenue is recorded net of the related costs of product revenue. Deferred service revenue represents customer payments made in advance for services, which include technical support, hardware and software maintenance, professional services, and training. The following table summarizes our deferred product and service revenues (in millions): As of December 31, 2012 2011 Deferred product revenue: Undelivered product commitments and other product deferrals $ 256.9 $ 288.1 Distributor inventory and other sell-through items 138.4 134.0 Deferred gross product revenue 395.3 422.1 Deferred cost of product revenue (99.4 ) (136.9 ) Deferred product revenue, net 295.9 285.2 Deferred service revenue 627.5 681.8 Total $ 923.4 $ 967.0 Total deferred revenue decreased $43.6 million to $923.4 million as of December 31, 2012, compared to $967.0 million as of December 31, 2011. This is due to a decline in deferred service revenue driven by timing of revenue recognition, partially offset by an increase in net deferred product revenue. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. It is not our business practice to enter into off-balance sheet arrangements. However, in the normal course of business, we enter into contracts consisting of guarantees of product and service performance, guarantees related to third-party customer-financing arrangements, customs and duties guarantees, and standby letters of credit for certain lease facilities. See Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for additional information regarding our guarantees. 46-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Contractual Obligations Our principal commitments consist of obligations outstanding under operating leases, purchase commitments, debt, and other contractual obligations. See Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report for additional information regarding our contractual commitments. The following table summarizes our principal contractual obligations as of December 31, 2012 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow in future periods (in millions): Payments Due by Period Less than More than Total 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years 5 years Operating leases $ 266.1 $ 53.5 $ 82.9 $ 52.8 $ 76.9 Purchase commitments 158.6 158.6 - - - Long-term debt 1,000.0 - - 300.0 700.0 Interest payment on long-term debt 826.2 46.9 93.8 79.5 606.0 Other contractual obligations 179.3 172.2 7.1 - - Total $ 2,430.2 $ 431.2 $ 183.8 $ 432.3 $ 1,382.9 Operating Leases Our contractual obligations under operating leases primarily relate to our leased facilities under our non-cancelable operating leases. Rent payments are allocated to costs and operating expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We occupy approximately 2.6 million square feet worldwide under operating leases. The majority of our office space is in North America, including our corporate headquarters in Sunnyvale, California. Our longest lease expires on November 30, 2022. Purchase Commitments In order to reduce manufacturing lead times and ensure adequate component supply, our contract manufacturers place non-cancelable, non-returnable ("NCNR") orders for components based on our build forecasts. The contract manufacturers use the components to build products based on our forecasts and on purchase orders we have received from our customers. Generally, we do not own the components and title to the product transfers from the contract manufacturers to us and immediately to our customers upon delivery at a designated shipment location. If the components go unused or the products go unsold for specified periods of time, we may incur carrying charges or obsolete materials charges for components that our contract manufacturers purchased to build products to meet our forecast or customer orders. As of December 31, 2012, we had accrued $27.7 million based on our estimate of such charges. Total purchase commitments as of December 31, 2012, consisted of $158.6 million of NCNR orders. Long-Term Debt and Interest Payment on Long-Term Debt In March 2011, we issued $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.10% senior notes due 2016 (the "2016 notes"), $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.60% senior notes due 2021 (the "2021 notes"), and $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.95% senior notes due 2041 (the "2041 notes" and, together with the 2016 notes and the 2021 notes the "Notes"). Interest on the Notes is payable in cash semiannually. We may redeem the Notes, at any time in whole or from time to time in part, subject to a make-whole premium, and, in the event of a change in control, the holders of the Notes may require us to repurchase for cash all or part of the Notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the aggregate principle amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. The indenture that governs the Notes also contains various covenants, including limitations on our ability to incur liens or enter into sale-leaseback transactions over certain dollar thresholds. As of December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants. Based on our current outlook, we expect to be in compliance with our debt covenants over the next twelve months. Other Contractual Obligations Other contractual obligations primarily consisted of $124.2 million in indemnity-related and service related escrows, required by certain acquisitions completed in 2005, 2010, 2011, and 2012 and $55.1 million in campus build-out obligations. 47-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Tax Liabilities In addition to the table above, tax liabilities include $112.4 million of long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for unrecognized tax positions. At this time, we are unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments related to this amount due to uncertainties in the timing of tax audit outcomes. Guarantees We have entered into agreements with customers that contain indemnification provisions relating to potential situations where claims could be alleged that our products infringe the intellectual property rights of a third-party. We also have financial guarantees consisting of guarantees of product and service performance, guarantees related to third-party customer-financing arrangements, customs and duties guarantees, and standby letters of credit for certain lease facilities. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, we had $12.6 million and $19.9 million, respectively, in bank guarantees and standby letters of credit related to these financial guarantees. Legal Proceedings See Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Report, for additional information on liabilities that may arise from litigation and contingencies. Liquidity and Capital Resource Requirements Liquidity and capital resources may be impacted by our operating activities as well as acquisitions and investments in strategic relationships that we have made or we may make in the future. Additionally, if we were to repurchase additional shares of our common stock under our Stock Repurchase Program, our liquidity may be impacted. As of December 31, 2012, 57% of our cash and investment balances are held outside of the U.S., which may be subject to U.S. taxes if repatriated. In August 2010, we filed a $1.5 billion shelf registration with the SEC. In March 2011, we issued notes in the amount of $1.0 billion under the shelf registration statement. Therefore, while we have no current plans to do so, we may issue up to $500 million in additional securities under the shelf registration statement. The shelf registration is intended to give us flexibility to take advantage of financing opportunities as needed or deemed desirable in light of market conditions. Any additional offerings of securities under the shelf registration statement will be made pursuant to a prospectus. We have been focused on managing our annual equity usage as a percentage of the common stock outstanding to align with peer group competitive levels and have made changes in recent years to reduce the number of shares underlying the equity awards we grant. Our intention for fiscal year 2012 was to target the number of shares underlying equity awards granted on an annual basis at 2.75% or less of our common stock outstanding on a pure share basis (where each option, RSU, RSA or PSA granted is counted as one share, with PSAs counted at their target amount). Based upon shares underlying our grants to date of options, RSUs, and PSAs, we achieved the goal for 2012. In fiscal year 2012, as a result of stock price weakness we increased our repurchase activity, and expect to continue to calibrate our buybacks in future quarters with market conditions at the time. We have also managed our equity compensation programs to reduce the overall number of shares subject to outstanding awards over the past two years. Notably, we have reduced the use of stock options in our equity compensation programs. The total number of common shares subject to our outstanding awards in connection with Juniper plans was 54.2 million, 58.2 million, and 63.5 million shares as of December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, reflecting a consecutive decline for the three years ended December 31, 2012. Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, short-term, and long-term investments (which includes the proceeds of the issuance of the notes), together with cash generated from operations as well as cash generated from the exercise of stock options and purchases under our employee stock purchase plan will be sufficient to fund our operations and anticipated growth for at least the next twelve months. We believe our working capital is sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for capital expenditures, commitments, and other liquidity requirements associated with our existing operations during the same period. However, our future liquidity and capital requirements may vary materially from those now planned depending on many factors, including: • level and mix of our product, sales, and gross profit margins; • our business, product, capital expenditures and R&D plans; • repurchases of our common stock; 48-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents • incurrence and repayment of debt and related interest obligations; • litigation expenses, settlements, and judgments, or similar items related to resolution of tax audits; • volume price discounts and customer rebates; • accounts receivable levels that we maintain; • acquisitions and/or funding of other businesses, assets, products, or technologies; • changes in our compensation policies; • capital improvements for new and existing facilities; • technological advances; • our competitors' responses to our products and/or pricing; • our relationships with supplies, partners, and customers; • possible future investments in raw material and finished goods inventories; • expenses related to future restructuring plans, if any; • tax expense associated with share-based awards; • issuance of share-based awards and the related payment in cash for withholding taxes in the current year and possibly during future years; • level of exercises of stock options and stock purchases under our equity incentive plans; and • general economic conditions and specific conditions in our industry and markets, including the effects of disruptions in global credit and financial markets, international conflicts, and related uncertainties. |